| Autor: |
Siegel HG; School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States., Nason SL; Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States., Warren JL; School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States., Prunas O; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 2 Kreuzstrasse, Allschwill, Basel 4123, Switzerland., Deziel NC; School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States., Saiers JE; School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of toxic organic compounds that have been widely used in consumer applications and industrial activities, including oil and gas production. We measured PFAS concentrations in 45 private wells and 8 surface water sources in the oil and gas-producing Doddridge, Marshall, Ritchie, Tyler, and Wetzel Counties of northern West Virginia and investigated relationships between potential PFAS sources and drinking water receptors. All surface water samples and 60% of the water wells sampled contained quantifiable levels of at least one targeted PFAS compound, and four wells (8%) had concentrations above the proposed maximum contaminant level (MCL) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Individual concentrations of PFOA and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid exceeded those measured in finished public water supplies. Total targeted PFAS concentrations ranged from nondetect to 36.8 ng/L, with surface water concentrations averaging 4-fold greater than groundwater. Semiquantitative, nontargeted analysis showed concentrations of emergent PFAS that were potentially higher than targeted PFAS. Results from a multivariate latent variable hierarchical Bayesian model were combined with insights from analyses of groundwater chemistry, topographic characteristics, and proximity to potential PFAS point sources to elucidate predictors of PFAS concentrations in private wells. Model results reveal (i) an increased vulnerability to contamination in upland recharge zones, (ii) geochemical controls on PFAS transport likely driven by adsorption, and (iii) possible influence from nearby point sources. |
