Exploring different methodological approaches to unlock paleobiodiversity in peat profiles using ancient DNA.

Autor: Fracasso I; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Electronic address: ilaria.fracasso@unibz.it., Zaccone C; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy., Oskolkov N; Department of Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden., Da Ros L; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Dinella A; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Belelli Marchesini L; Forest Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Buzzini P; Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy., Sannino C; Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy., Turchetti B; Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy., Cesco S; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Le Roux G; Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR5245 CNRS/UPS/INPT), Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France., Tonon G; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Vernesi C; Forest Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Mimmo T; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Ventura M; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy., Borruso L; Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Electronic address: luigimaria.borruso@unibz.it.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Jan 15; Vol. 908, pp. 168159. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 01.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168159
Abstrakt: Natural and human-induced environmental changes deeply affected terrestrial ecosystems throughout the Holocene. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions provide information about the past and allow us to predict/model future scenarios. Among potential records, peat bogs are widely used because they present a precise stratigraphy and act as natural archives of highly diverse organic remains. Over the decades, several techniques have been developed to identify debris occurring in peat, including their morphological description. However, this is strongly constrained by the researcher's ability to distinguish residues at the species level, which typically requires many years of experience. In addition, potential contamination hampers using these techniques to obtain information from organisms such as fungi or bacteria. Environmental DNA metabarcoding and shotgun metagenome sequencing could represent a solution to detect specific groups of organisms without any a priori knowledge of their characteristics and/or to identify organisms that have rarely been considered in previous investigations. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics may allow the identification of bacteria and fungi (including both yeast and filamentous life forms), ensuring discrimination between ancient and modern organisms through the study of deamination/damage patterns. In the present review, we aim to i) present the state-of-the-art methodologies in paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies focusing on peat core analyses, proposing alternative approaches to the classical morphological identification of plant residues, and ii) suggest biomolecular approaches that will allow the use of proxies such as invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria, which are rarely employed in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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