Diurnal and geographic variations of pollinator importance for Cucurbita maxima Duchesne.

Autor: Ikemoto M; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan.; National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan., Tanaka Y; Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development Minamisatsuma Japan., Kohno K; Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsu Japan., Yokoi T; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2023 Oct 31; Vol. 13 (11), pp. e10651. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 31 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10651
Abstrakt: Despite growing awareness of the importance of monitoring wild crop pollinators worldwide, there are still few reports, especially in East Asia. Considering ongoing global warming may change the distribution range and diurnal activity of pollinators, it is necessary to describe current geographic and diurnal patterns. We clarified pollinators of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) in three geographically distinct (>350 km, minimum) areas in Japan, focusing on diurnal variation. Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Halictidae (Hymenoptera) were observed in all of the experimental gardens. Apis cerana japonica Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were mainly observed in Mie and Kagoshima, while Bombus diversus diversus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were observed only in Ibaraki. The peak time of flower visits depended both on bee taxa and area, and interestingly, did not necessarily synchronize with the timing of the highest pollen loads and the probability of stigma contact. In particular, visits and probability of contacting stigmas of Halictidae tended to increase as time passed, whereas pollen grains on their bodies sharply decreased with time; only a few individuals of Halictidae that visit early can become effective pollinators. There were no differences in yields between supplementary hand and natural pollination in all areas, and flower-enclosure experiments using different mesh sizes clarified that small insects that can go across an approximately 4-mm mesh may not transport sufficient pollen for fruit set. Our study demonstrated that pollination effectiveness, which is usually regarded as a static value, within a taxon can fluctuate in the space of just several hours. Considering such diurnal patterns can be altered by climate change, we need to carefully monitor the diurnal temporal patterns of pollinators worldwide.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
(© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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