Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia.

Autor: Lipshitz M; Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. melanielevydietician@gmail.com.; Melanie Levy Dietician, 1 Mid Way Road, Glenhazel, Johannesburg, South Africa. melanielevydietician@gmail.com., Visser J; Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Anderson R; Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., Nel DG; Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Smit T; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa., Steel HC; Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., Rapoport B; Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology [J Cancer Res Clin Oncol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 149 (19), pp. 17511-17527. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 31.
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05465-9
Abstrakt: Purpose: Emerging biomarkers of cancer cachexia and their roles in sarcopenia and prognosis are poorly understood. Baseline assessments of anthropometrics, sarcopenia, cachexia status and biomarkers of cachexia were measured in patients with advanced cancer and healthy controls. Thereafter, relationships of the biomarkers with cachexia and sarcopenia were explored.
Methods: A prospective case-control design was used, including 40 patients with advanced cancer and 40 gender, age-matched controls. Bioelectrical impedance [skeletal muscle index (SMI)] and hand dynamometry [hand grip strength (HGS)] assessed sarcopenia and a validated tool classified cancer cachexia. Albumin, lymphocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) were measured.
Results: Patients had significantly lower SMI (6.67 kg/m 2 versus 7.67 kg/m 2 , p =  < 0.01) and HGS (24.42 kg versus 29.62 kg) compared to controls, with 43% being sarcopenic. Significant differences were found for albumin, lymphocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin, CRP, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), (p < 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.04), IL-8 (p = 0.02), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), p = 0.02, platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratio, p < 0.01 and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII), p < 0.01 differed significantly. No difference was observed for CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 [CXCL5 or epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA78)] or H3Cit. Albumin and haemoglobin correlated negatively with total protein, skeletal muscle mass and SMI (all p < 0.01). The presence of sarcopenia associated significantly with albumin, haemoglobin and CRP.
Conclusion: Significant relationships and differences of haemoglobin, CRP and albumin supports future use of these biomarkers in cancer cachexia. CXCL5 and H3Cit as valuable biomarkers in cancer cachexia remains to be defined.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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