Sex Differences in Velopharyngeal Anatomy of 9- and 10-Year-Old Children.

Autor: Perry JL; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC., Lee MK; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA., Tahmasebifard N; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC., Gilbert IR; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC., Snodgrass TD; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC., Shaffer JR; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA., Schleif EP; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC., Weinberg SM; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR [J Speech Lang Hear Res] 2023 Dec 11; Vol. 66 (12), pp. 4828-4837. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 30.
DOI: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00279
Abstrakt: Objective: Understanding the normal anatomy of velopharyngeal (VP) mechanism and the emergence of sexual dimorphism provides valuable insights into differences of VP anatomy among males and females. The purpose of this study is to examine sex differences in VP anatomy in a large data set of 3,248 9- and 10-year-old children.
Method: Static three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare five VP characteristics including velar length, velar thickness, effective velar length, levator veli palatini muscle length, and pharyngeal depth between age-matched males ( n = 1,670) and females ( n = 1,578). Additionally, these dimensions were used to determine the VP ratio and effective VP ratio.
Results: Males showed significantly larger dimensions for all VP distances and significantly lower ratios of velar length and effective velar length to pharyngeal depth ( p < .05). The magnitude of these effect sizes was small to medium, with Cohen's d values ranging from 0.12 to 0.63. Additionally, the VP ratio and effective VP ratio are lower among males compared to females ( p < .05).
Conclusions: Results suggest the presence of sexual dimorphism in the VP mechanism among 9- and 10-year-old children. These findings emphasize the necessity of using different normative data for males and females when making comparisons to patients with cleft palate.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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