Bridging Development and Disruption: Comprehensive Insights into Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Epileptic Management.
| Autor: | Mohsin SN; General Surgery, Cavan General Hospital, Cavan, IRL., Grezenko H; Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA., Khan S; Community Medicine, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, PAK., Eshete FD; General Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, ETH., Shrestha S; Internal Medicine, Nepal Korea Friendship Municipality Hospital, Bhaktapur, NPL., Kamran M; Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK., Affaf M; Internal Medicine, Women's Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, PAK., Jama A; Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK., Gasim RW; Internal Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN., Zubaer Ahmad D; Medicine, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD., Yadav I; Internal Medicine, Samar Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Janakpur, NPL.; Internal Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Mymensingh, BGD., Arif S; Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK., K C A; Medicine and Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, NPL.; Internal Medicine and Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, California, USA., Khaliq AS; Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2023 Sep 26; Vol. 15 (9), pp. e45996. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 26 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.45996 |
| Abstrakt: | Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a prominent neurological disorder characterized by disruptions in localized brain cell organization and development. This narrative review delineates the multi-faceted nature of FCD, emphasizing its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy, predominantly in children and young adults. We explore the historical context of FCD, highlighting its indispensable role in shaping our comprehension of epilepsy and cortical anomalies. The clinical spectrum of FCD is broad, encompassing diverse seizure patterns, cognitive impairments, and associated neuropsychiatric disorders. We underscore the importance of differential diagnosis, with techniques ranging from electroencephalogram (EEG) interpretations to microscopic evaluations, and discuss advanced diagnostic modalities, such as the 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) epilepsy protocols. Therapeutically, while anti-seizure medications are often first-line interventions, surgically refractory cases necessitate more invasive procedures, underscoring the importance of individualized treatment. Furthermore, the review touches upon the prognostic aspects of FCD, highlighting the importance of personalized care regimens, and provides insights into emerging therapeutic avenues, including the potential of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Conclusively, this review accentuates the complex relationship between brain development and epileptogenicity inherent to FCD and underscores the promise of future research in enhancing patient outcomes. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2023, Mohsin et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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