| Autor: |
Qureshi AK; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.; Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Farooq U; Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Shakeel Q; Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Ali S; Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Ashiq S; Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Shahzad S; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan., Tariq M; Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60800, Pakistan., Seleiman MF; Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia., Jamal A; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan., Saeed MF; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan., Manachini B; Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy. |
| Abstrakt: |
Using plant extracts as eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant attention in recent years. The current study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Avena fatua extract and evaluates their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ( Fol ), a fungal plant pathogen. A green and sustainable approach was adopted to synthesize silver nanoparticles before these nanoparticles were employed for anti-fungal activity. The primary indication that AgNPs had formed was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, where a strong peak at 425 nm indicated the effective formation of these nanoparticles. The indication of important functional groups acting as reducing and stabilizing agents was conducted using the FTIR study. Additionally, morphological studies were executed via SEM and AFM, which assisted with more effectively analyzing AgNPs. Crystalline behavior and size were estimated using powder XRD, and it was found that AgNPs were highly crystalline, and their size ranged from 5 to 25 nm. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fol at a concentration of 40 ppm. Furthermore, the inhibitory index confirmed a positive correlation between increasing AgNPs concentration and exposure duration. This study suggests that the combined phytochemical mycotoxic effect of the plant extract and the smaller size of synthesized AgNPs were responsible for the highest penetrating power to inhibit Fol growth. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of AgNPs with antifungal properties. The study concludes that A. fatua extract can synthesize antifungal AgNPs as a sustainable approach with robust antifungal efficacy against Fol , underscoring their promising potential for integration into plant protection strategies. |
