Changes in stress pathways as a possible mechanism of aerobic exercise training on brain health: a scoping review of existing studies.

Autor:	Molina-Hidalgo C; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States., Stillman CM; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Collins AM; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States., Velazquez-Diaz D; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States.; ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain., Ripperger HS; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Drake JA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Gianaros PJ; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Marsland AL; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Erickson KI; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States.; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in physiology [Front Physiol] 2023 Oct 11; Vol. 14, pp. 1273981. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 11 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fphys.2023.1273981
Abstrakt:	Physical activity (PA) in the form of aerobic exercise (AE) preserves and improves neurocognitive function across the lifespan. However, a mechanistic understanding of the pathways by which aerobic exercise impacts brain health is still lacking, particularly with respect to stress-related pathways. One mechanistic hypothesis is that AE improves neurocognitive health in part by modifying circulating levels of stress-related hormones and signaling factors associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS), as commonly measured by the biomarkers cortisol (CORT) and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Thus, this hypothesis predicts that changes in stress biomarkers, such as CORT and sAA, are possible explanatory pathways mediating the positive effects of AE on neurocognitive health. In the present review article, we provide a summary of available studies examining the possibility that exercise-induced changes to stress biomarkers could partly account for exercise-related improvements in neurocognitive health. Our review indicates that despite the intuitive appeal of this hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence available to conclude that chronic and habitual AE affects neurocognitive health by altering stress biomarker pathways. The cross-sectional nature of the majority of reviewed studies highlights the need for well-controlled studies to adequately test this hypothesis. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Molina-Hidalgo, Stillman, Collins, Velazquez-Diaz, Ripperger, Drake, Gianaros, Marsland and Erickson.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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