Tumor Markers as Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury Incidence and Staging of the Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Receiving Chemoradiation Therapy.

Autor:	Warli SM; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital - Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia., Prapiska FF; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital - Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia., Siregar DIS; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital - Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia., Seja IA; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	World journal of oncology [World J Oncol] 2023 Oct; Vol. 14 (5), pp. 423-429. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 20.
DOI:	10.14740/wjon1676
Abstrakt:	Background: Bladder cancer, as one of types of cancers within the urinary tract, is associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in a poorer prognosis, discontinuation of effective oncological treatments, longer hospitalization, and higher expenses. There is no discussion yet on tumor markers in bladder cancer. With the revolutionary advances in bladder cancer molecular subtyping over the past decade, the presence of tumor markers to assess the staging of bladder cancer has yet to be discussed. In this study, we intended to assess the relationship between tumor markers and incidence of AKI, also between tumor markers and the cancer staging. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from 26 medical records of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at the Adam Malik and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital between 2021and 2022. This study included all patients with bladder cancer who met the inclusion criteria. Continuous variables were reported as mean (standard deviation (SD)) and examined using an independent t -test. Categorical variables were reported as proportions, examined using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Pre- and post-tumor marker data were evaluated with dependent sample t -test for normal variance data, and Wilcoxon test for data with atypical distribution. P values were set at 0.05. Results: CD44 (P = 0.003) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (P = 0.030) were the only significant markers in their pre- and post-chemoradiation states among the four investigated tumor markers in this study. Meanwhile, PD-1 tumor marker levels were only found to be significant between AKI and pre-chemoradiation (P = 0.011). Even though the multivariate study of tumor staging did not show any statistical significance, both tumor markers CD44 and PD-1 showed a significant effect on the incidence of acute renal damage (P = 0.034). Conclusions: Pre-chemoradiation PD-1 tumor markers showed promise as good predictive indicators for staging and AKI incidence in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright 2023, Warli et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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