Conservation genomics of an endangered montane amphibian reveals low population structure, low genomic diversity and selection pressure from disease.

Autor: Trumbo DR; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Hardy BM; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Crockett HJ; Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Muths E; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Forester BR; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Cheek RG; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Zimmerman SJ; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Corey-Rivas S; Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, USA., Bailey LL; Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Funk WC; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular ecology [Mol Ecol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 32 (24), pp. 6777-6795. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 21.
DOI: 10.1111/mec.17175
Abstrakt: Wildlife diseases are a major global threat to biodiversity. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) are a state-endangered species in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, and a species of concern in Wyoming, largely due to lethal skin infections caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We performed conservation and landscape genomic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms from double-digest, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing in combination with the development of the first boreal toad (and first North American toad) reference genome to investigate population structure, genomic diversity, landscape connectivity and adaptive divergence. Genomic diversity (π = 0.00034-0.00040) and effective population sizes (N e = 8.9-38.4) were low, likely due to post-Pleistocene founder effects and Bd-related population crashes over the last three decades. Population structure was also low, likely due to formerly high connectivity among a higher density of geographically proximate populations. Boreal toad gene flow was facilitated by low precipitation, cold minimum temperatures, less tree canopy, low heat load and less urbanization. We found >8X more putatively adaptive loci related to Bd intensity than to all other environmental factors combined, and evidence for genes under selection related to immune response, heart development and regulation and skin function. These data suggest boreal toads in habitats with Bd have experienced stronger selection pressure from disease than from other, broad-scale environmental variations. These findings can be used by managers to conserve and recover the species through actions including reintroduction and supplementation of populations that have declined due to Bd.
(© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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