| Autor: |
Ahmed S; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Hussain R; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Khan A; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Batool SA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Mughal A; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Nawaz MH; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Irfan M; School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Wadood A; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan., Avcu E; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey.; Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41650, Turkey., Rehman MAU; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.; Centre of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. |
| Abstrakt: |
Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) is a promising method for producing patient-specific implants. In the present study, sodium alginate (Na-ALG)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer blends of varying ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) were used to produce tailored-designed skin scaffolds using a 3D bioprinter. Samples of skin scaffolds were printed at 20 layers with a layer height of 0.15 mm using a needle with an inner diameter of 330 μm while maintaining the extrusion speed, extrusion width, and fill density at 10 mm/s, 0.2 mm, and 85%, respectively. The Na-ALG/PVA blend with a 3:1 ratio showed the best printability due to its good viscosity and minimal nozzle leakage, allowing for the fabrication of skin scaffolds with high fidelity and the desired morphological characteristics. Then, copper-silver doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-Ag MBGNs) were incorporated into the Na-ALG/PVA blend (which had already been prepared by using a Na-ALG:PVA ratio of 3:1) in order to obtain therapeutic (angiogenic and antibacterial) effects. The fabricated Na-ALG/PVA/Cu-Ag MBGNs biocomposite scaffolds with dimensions of 20 mm× 20 × 3 mm 3 and pore size of 400 ± 60 μm exhibited a promising fidelity. The presence of chemical bonds attributed to Na-ALG, PVA, and Cu-Ag MBGNs and the uniform distribution of Na, C, and O elements within the microstructure of the scaffolds were confirmed by EDX, SEM, and FTIR analyses. The scaffolds were hydrophilic and exhibited proper swelling and degradation behavior for skin tissue engineering. According to the inhibition halo test, the scaffolds exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The cytocompatibility to human-derived fibroblast cells was confirmed by the WST-8 assay and in vivo Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. In addition, Na-ALG/PVA/Cu-Ag MBGNs showed angiogenic potential, exhibiting favorable wound healing properties. |
