Survival improvements of marine mammals in zoological institutions mirror historical advances in human longevity.

Autor: Tidière M; Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.; Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA., Colchero F; Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany., Staerk J; Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.; Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA., Adkesson MJ; Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, USA., Andersen DH; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark., Bland L; Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA.; Eureka Publishing, Thornbury, Australia., Böye M; Centre de Recherche et d'Etude pour l'Animal Sauvage, Planète Sauvage, 44710 Port Saint Pere, France., Brando S; AnimalConcepts, PO Box 378, 03725 Teulada, Alicante, Spain., Clegg I; Animal Welfare Expertise, The Knoll, Woodlands, Combe Martin, EX34 0ATLittleton Manor, Winchester SO22 6QU, UK., Cubaynes S; CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France., Cutting A; Polar Bear International, PO Box 3008, Bozeman, MT, USA., De Man D; European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), Plantage Middelaan 45, 1018-DC Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Derocher AE; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9., Dorsey C; Association of Zoos and Aquariums, 8403 Colesville Road Ste 710, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA., Elgar W; Zoo Miami, 12400 SW 152 Street, Miami, FL 33177, USA., Gaglione E; Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA., Anderson Hansen K; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.; Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark., Jungheim A; Como Park Zoo and Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Dr., Saint Paul, MN 55103, USA., Kok J; Ouwehands Zoo, Grebbeweg 111, 3911 AV Rhenen, The Netherlands., Laule G; Mandai Wildlife Group, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826., Goya AL; Zoo Aquarium de Madrid, Casa de Campo s/n, 28011 Madrid, Spain., Miller L; Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, USA., Monreal-Pawlowsky T; International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, UK., Mucha K; Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA., Owen MA; San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, CA, USA., Petersen SD; Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Pilfold N; San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, CA, USA., Richardson D; Zoological Consultancy Ltd, Columba Cottage, Mill Rd, Kingussie PH21 1LF, UK.; EAZA Polar Bear EEP, Amsterdam, Netherlands., Richardson ES; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Unit 150-234 Donald Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 1M8, Canada., Sabo D; Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, 4850 W. Powell Road, PO Box 400, Powell, OH 43065-0400, USA., Sato N; Asahiyama Zoological Park, Kuranuma, Higasiasahikawacho, Asahikawa city, Japan., Shellabarger W; Detroit Zoological Society, 8450 W. 10 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48067, USA., Skovlund CR; Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.; Section of Animal Welfare and Disease Control, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark., Tomisawa K; Omuta City Zoo, 163 Showa-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-0871, Japan., Trautwein SE; Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA., Bonn WV; A. Watson Armour III, Center for Animal Health and Welfare, Animal Care and Science Division, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA., Elk CV; Independent practitioner, Arendsweg 98, Enschede 7544RM, The Netherlands., Von Fersen L; Nuremberg Zoo, Am Tiergarten 30, 90480 Nuremberg, Germany., Wahlberg M; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.; Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark., Zhang P; Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China., Zhang X; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China., Conde DA; Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2023 Oct 25; Vol. 290 (2009), pp. 20231895. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 18.
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1895
Abstrakt: An intense public debate has fuelled governmental bans on marine mammals held in zoological institutions. The debate rests on the assumption that survival in zoological institutions has been and remains lower than in the wild, albeit the scientific evidence in support of this notion is equivocal. Here, we used statistical methods previously applied to assess historical improvements in human lifespan and data on 8864 individuals of four marine mammal species (harbour seal, Phoca vitulina ; California sea lion, Zalophus californianus ; polar bear, Ursus maritimus ; common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus ) held in zoos from 1829 to 2020. We found that life expectancy increased up to 3.40 times, and first-year mortality declined up to 31%, during the last century in zoos. Moreover, the life expectancy of animals in zoos is currently 1.65-3.55 times longer than their wild counterparts. Like humans, these improvements have occurred concurrently with advances in management practices, crucial for population welfare. Science-based decisions will help effective legislative changes and ensure better implementation of animal care.
Databáze: MEDLINE