Bird diversity along an urban to rural gradient in large tropical cities peaks in mid-level urbanization.

Autor:	Suarez-Rubio M; Institute of Zoology, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria., Bates PJJ; Harrison Institute, Sevenoaks, UK., Aung T; Myanmar Bird and Nature Society, Yangon, Myanmar., Hlaing NM; Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar., Oo SSL; Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar., Htun YKZ; Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar., Ohn Mar SM; Myeik University, Myeik, Myanmar., Myint A; Myeik University, Myeik, Myanmar., Wai TLL; Myeik University, Myeik, Myanmar., Mo PM; Myeik University, Myeik, Myanmar., Fehrmann L; Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Nölke N; Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Kleinn C; Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Renner SC; Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PeerJ [PeerJ] 2023 Oct 09; Vol. 11, pp. e16098. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 09 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.7717/peerj.16098
Abstrakt:	The gradient from natural to urban areas strongly associates with the structure of avian communities over that gradient. Most research on urban birds is from temperate areas and knowledge from tropical Southeast Asia is lacking. We examined bird species diversity, relative abundance, and species composition along an urban to rural gradient in three Myanmar cities, and assessed potential environmental factors responsible for the changes. We counted birds within 40 point-count sites with 50-m fixed-radius in three large cities of Myanmar, namely Mandalay, Mawlamyine, and Myeik. We distinguished four urban habitat types (Downtown-urban, University Campus-suburban, Paddy Field-agriculture, Hill-forest). We classified all species into migrant or resident and into major feeding groups and related with several environmental parameters such as 'impervious surface'. We counted 5,423 individuals of 103 species with roughly equal species diversity between the three cities. Rock Pigeon ( Columba livia ) was the most frequent species. The species composition differed significantly between the four major habitat types. Omnivores were more abundant in the city center than all other functional groups. Interestingly, insectivores were also predominant in the city center. In addition, more generalist' species occurred towards the city center compared to the periphery, indicating that the periphery has increased relevance for specialized birds. We found some marked differences in species composition between the three cities of Mandalay, Mawlamyine, and Myeik. Additionally to species composition, species diversity and relative abundance differed significantly between each of the four major habitat types in all three cities. Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests. (©2023 Suarez-Rubio et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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