The function of astrocytes and their role in neurological diseases.

Autor: Yuan WQ; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China., Huang WP; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.; College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China., Jiang YC; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China., Xu H; College of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China., Duan CS; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China., Chen NH; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China., Liu YJ; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China., Fu XM; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The European journal of neuroscience [Eur J Neurosci] 2023 Nov; Vol. 58 (9), pp. 3932-3961. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 13.
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16160
Abstrakt: Astrocytes have countless links with neurons. Previously, astrocytes were only considered a scaffold of neurons; in fact, astrocytes perform a variety of functions, including providing support for neuronal structures and energy metabolism, offering isolation and protection and influencing the formation, function and elimination of synapses. Because of these functions, astrocytes play an critical role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The regulation of the secretiory factors, receptors, channels and pathways of astrocytes can effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of CNS diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease. The expression of aquaporin 4 in AS is directly related to NMO and indirectly involved in the clearance of Aβ and tau proteins in AD. Connexin 43 has a bidirectional effect on glutamate diffusion at different stages of stroke. Interestingly, astrocytes reduce the occurrence of PD through multiple effects such as secretion of related factors, mitochondrial autophagy and aquaporin 4. Therefore, this review is focused on the structure and function of astrocytes and the correlation between astrocytes and CNS diseases and drug treatment to explore the new functions of astrocytes with the astrocytes as the target. This, in turn, would provide a reference for the development of new drugs to protect neurons and promote the recovery of nerve function.
(© 2023 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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