How to Survive a (Juvenile) Piranha Attack: An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Predator Performance.
| Autor: | Lowe A; Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr, Orange, CA 92866,USA., Kolmann MA; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA., Paig-Tran EWM; Department of Biological Science (MH-282), California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) [Integr Org Biol] 2023 Sep 01; Vol. 5 (1), pp. obad032. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 01 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: | 10.1093/iob/obad032 |
| Abstrakt: | Figures: Cory cat panel figureDrawing of bite force measuring equipment and indentation rig Pygocentrus nattereri jaw muscle morphology and skull anatomyBox plot grid of number of Pygocentrus nattereri bites before puncture along different body regions of Corydoras trilineatus during feeding trials resultsDrawing of color-coded Corydoras trilineatus with attack frequencies and average bites until puncture by Pygocentrus nattereri Box plot of average voluntary juvenile Pygocentrus nattereri bite forces to standard lengthPanel of linear ordinary least-squares regressions of Pygocentrus nattereri bite force to adductor mandibulae mass, standard length, and body massOrdinary least-squares regressions of voluntary bites to restrained bites of Pygocentrus nattereri Panel of indentation tests for intact and removed Corydoras trilineatus scutesPanel of indentation tests for Corydoras trilineatus body region. Synopsis: There is an evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. In aquatic environments, predatory fishes often use sharp teeth, powerful bites, and/or streamlined bodies to help capture their prey quickly and efficiently. Conversely, prey are often equipped with antipredator adaptations including: scaly armor, sharp spines, and/or toxic secretions. This study focused on the predator-prey interactions between the armored threestripe cory catfish ( Corydoras trilineatus ) and juvenile red-bellied piranha ( Pygocentrus nattereri ). Specifically, we investigated how resistant cory catfish armor is to a range of natural and theoretical piranha bite forces and how often this protection translated to survival from predator attacks by Corydoras . We measured the bite force and jaw functional morphology of P. nattereri , the puncture resistance of defensive scutes in C. trilineatus , and the in situ predatory interactions between the two. The adductor mandibulae muscle in juvenile P. nattereri is robust and delivers an average bite force of 1.03 N and maximum bite force of 9.71 N, yet its prey, C. trilineatus , survived 37% of confirmed bites without any damage. The C. trilineatus armor withstood an average of nine bites before puncture by P. nattereri . Predation was successful only when piranhas bit unarmored areas of the body, at the opercular opening and at the caudal peduncle. This study used an integrative approach to understand the outcomes of predator-prey interactions by evaluating the link between morphology and feeding behavior. We found that juvenile P. nattereri rarely used a maximal bite force and displayed a net predation success rate on par with other adult vertebrates. Conversely, C. trilineatus successfully avoided predation by orienting predator attacks toward their resilient, axial armor and behavioral strategies that reduced the predator's ability to bite in less armored regions of the body. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. All co-authors have seen and agree with the contents of the manuscript and there is no financial interest to report. We certify that the submission is original work and is not under review at any other publication. (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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