Toxicity assessment of carvacrol and its acetylated derivative in early staged zebrafish (Danio rerio): Safer alternatives to fipronil-based pesticides?

Autor: Konig I; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Iftikhar N; Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Henry E; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., English C; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Ivantsova E; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Souders CL 2nd; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Marcussi S; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil., Martyniuk CJ; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA. Electronic address: cmartyn@ufl.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP [Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 274, pp. 109762. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109762
Abstrakt: Fipronil is a broad-spectrum pesticide presenting high acute toxicity to non-target organisms, particularly to aquatic species. Natural compounds stand out as promising alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides such as fipronil. Thus, our study aimed to compare the toxicity of carvacrol (natural), acetylcarvacrol (semisynthetic), and fipronil (synthetic) to early staged zebrafish. We conducted a series of toxicity assays at concentrations ranging from 0.01 μM to 25 μM for fipronil and 0.01 μM to 200 μM for carvacrol and acetylcarvacrol, depending on the assay, after 7-days post-fertilization (dpf). The potency (EC 50 ) of fipronil was ∼1 μM for both deformities and mortality at 7 dpf, whereas EC 50 was >50 μM for carvacrol and >70 μM for acetylcarvacrol. Fipronil at 0.1 and 1 μM caused a decrease in body length and swim bladder area of larvae at 7dpf, but no difference was observed for either carvacrol or acetylcarvacrol. Based upon the visual motor response test, fipronil induced hypoactivity in larval zebrafish at 1 μM and acetylcarvacrol induced hyperactivity at 0.1 μM. Anxiolytic-type behaviors were not affected by any of these chemicals. All chemicals increased the production of reactive oxygen species at 7 dpf, but not at 2 dpf. Genes related to swim bladder inflation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial activity were measured; only fipronil induced upregulation of atp5f1c. There were no changes were observed in oxygen consumption rates of fish and apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that carvacrol and its derivative may be safer replacements for fipronil due to their lower acute toxicity.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no competing interests that could influence the work reported in this manuscript.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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