| Autor: |
Koller A; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Rohrmann S; Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Wakolbinger M; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Gojda J; Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic., Selinger E; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Centre for Public Health Promotion, The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic., Cahova M; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic., Světnička M; Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.; Centre for Research on Diabetes Metabolism, and Nutrition of Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic., Haider S; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Schlesinger S; German Diabetes Center, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany., Kühn T; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg, Germany.; The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK., Keller JW; Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland. |
| Abstrakt: |
Health effects of vegan diets among children and adolescents are a controversial public health topic. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate a broad range of health outcomes among vegan children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (17 cross-sectional, 1 RCT). Meta-analyses showed lower protein, calcium, vitamin B2, saturated fatty acid, and cholesterol intakes, and lower ferritin, HDL and LDL levels as well as height in vegan compared to omnivorous children/adolescents. Higher intakes of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, folate, vitamins C and E, magnesium, iron, and potassium were observed in vegans. Blood levels of vitamin B12 were higher among vegan children due to supplement use. Single study results suggested further differences between vegan and non-vegan children, such as lower bone mineral content or urinary iodine among vegan children. Risk of Bias was rated as high or very high in 7 out of 18 studies. The certainty of evidence for the meta-analyses was low ( n = 2) or very low ( n = 46). Overall, the available evidence points to both risks and benefits associated with a vegan diet among children, although more and better designed studies are needed. |
