| Autor: |
Bonfanti A; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy., Smithers ET; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Bourdon M; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Guyon A; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Carella P; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom.; Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom., Carter R; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Wightman R; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Schornack S; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom., Jönsson H; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.; Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden., Robinson S; Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom. |
| Abstrakt: |
Plant morphogenesis is governed by the mechanics of the cell wall-a stiff and thin polymeric box that encloses the cells. The cell wall is a highly dynamic composite material. New cell walls are added during cell division. As the cells continue to grow, the properties of cell walls are modulated to undergo significant changes in shape and size without breakage. Spatial and temporal variations in cell wall mechanical properties have been observed. However, how they relate to cell division remains an outstanding question. Here, we combine time-lapse imaging with local mechanical measurements via atomic force microscopy to systematically map the cell wall's age and growth, with their stiffness. We make use of two systems, Marchantia polymorpha gemmae, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We first characterize the growth and cell division of M. polymorpha gemmae. We then demonstrate that cell division in M. polymorpha gemmae results in the generation of a temporary stiffer and slower-growing new wall. In contrast, this transient phenomenon is absent in A. thaliana leaves. We provide evidence that this different temporal behavior has a direct impact on the local cell geometry via changes in the junction angle. These results are expected to pave the way for developing more realistic plant morphogenetic models and to advance the study into the impact of cell division on tissue growth. |
