Undernutrition Among the Children from Different Social Groups in India: Prevalence, Determinants, and Transition Over Time (2005-2006 to 2019-2021).

Autor: Ghosh P; Department of Geography, Ramsaday College, Amta, Howrah, West Bengal, 711401, India. mr.ghosh.pritam@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities [J Racial Ethn Health Disparities] 2024 Dec; Vol. 11 (6), pp. 3427-3444. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 29.
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01796-y
Abstrakt: Combating undernutrition among children under 5 years is presently an enormous challenge for India. The study aims to determine the prevalence of undernutrition by the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and the time-dependent significant determinants of undernutrition among children under 5 years from four recognized social groups, i.e., Scheduled Tribe (ST), Scheduled Caste (SC), Other Backward Class (OBC), and Others, or General group, between 2005-2006 and 2019-2021 in India. It also explains the transition in the probability of CIAF among ST, SC, OBC, and General children belonging to different socio-demographic, economic backgrounds, and geographic regions from 2005-2006 to 2015-2016, 2015-2016 to 2019-2021, and 2005-2006 to 2019-2021 in India. Time-dependent and time-independent logistic regression models are employed to identify the major determinants and predicted probabilities of CIAF, respectively, among four social groups. The predicted probabilities of CIAF among ST, SC, OBC, and General children belonging to various socio-demographic, economic backgrounds, and geographic regions are extracted from logistic regression models and represented graphically. The study outlines a higher prevalence of CIAF among ST children, followed by SC, OBC, and General children throughout the last 15 years. Since 2005-2006, the magnitude of CIAF risk elimination has been comparatively higher among socially marginalized children (ST, SC, OBC) than in General. The investigation also outlines a significant (p < 0.001), and consistent effect of child age, maternal nutritional level, education status, household economic status, and geographic regions on the prevalence of undernutrition among all four social groups in India from 2005-2006 to 2019-2021. The policymakers must focus much on the ST, SC, and OBC sections for eliminating childhood undernutrition. Specifically, more attention is needed for the ST, SC, and OBC children living with non- or less-educated mothers, belonging to poor families, living in central, western, and eastern Indian states for eliminating the childhood CIAF. This might contribute to lowering intergroup inequality (SDG 10.2) in India in terms of the incidence of hunger (SDG 2.2), undernutrition, and child mortality (SDG 3.2).
Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics Approval International Institute of Population Science conducted the National Family Health Survey-3, 4, and 5, and the ethical review board of this institution has given the ethical clearance of these two surveys. We have operated the analysis in this research based on these three survey data. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2023. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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