| Autor: |
Fong J; Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore., Tang PPY; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore., Deignan LK; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore., Seah JCL; Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore., McDougald D; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.; Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia., Rice SA; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore., Todd PA; Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore. |
| Abstrakt: |
Allelopathic chemicals facilitated by the direct contact of macroalgae with corals are potentially an important mechanism mediating coral-macroalgal interactions, but only a few studies have explored their impacts on coral health and microbiomes and the coral's ability to recover. We conducted a field experiment on an equatorial urbanized reef to assess the allelopathic effects of four macroalgal species ( Bryopsis sp., Endosiphonia horrida , Hypnea pannosa and Lobophora challengeriae ) on the health and microbiomes of three coral species ( Merulina ampliata , Montipora stellata and Pocillopora acuta ). Following 24 h of exposure, crude extracts of all four macroalgal species caused significant coral tissue bleaching and reduction in effective quantum yield. The corals were able to recover within 72 h of the removal of extracts, except those that were exposed to L. challengeriae . While some macroalgal extracts caused an increase in the alpha diversity of coral microbiomes, there were no significant differences in the composition and variability of coral microbiomes between controls and macroalgal extracts at each sampling time point. Nevertheless, DESeq2 differential abundance analyses showed species-specific responses of coral microbiomes. Overall, our findings provide insights on the limited effect of chemically mediated interactions with macroalgae on coral microbiomes and the capacity of corals to recover quickly from the macroalgal chemicals. |
