| Autor: |
Kanan M; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia., Atif S; Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia., Mohammed F; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia., Balahmar Y; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Adawi Y; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 85534, Saudi Arabia., AlSaleem R; College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia., Farhan A; Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia., Alghoribi M; Al-Nahda General Hospital, Private Healthcare, Taif 26575, Saudi Arabia., Mohammed S; College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia., Alshanbari R; Department of Pharmacy, Erfan and Bagedo General Hospital, Jeddah 22230, Saudi Arabia., Fahad M; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Northern Borders University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia., Kallab R; Department of Pharmacy, Aldawaa Pharmacy, Arar 73551, Saudi Arabia., Mohammed R; College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia., Alassaf D; College of Medicine, Princess Noura University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia., Hazza A; Department of Pharmacy, Altaawin Medical Clinics, Alkharj 16443, Saudi Arabia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Cephalexin is a first-generation β-lactam antibiotic used in adults and pediatrics to treat various streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. This review aims to summarize and evaluate all the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cephalexin by screening out all pertinent studies in human beings following the per oral (PO) route. By employing different online search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Science Direct, 23 studies were retrieved, among which nine were in healthy subjects, five in diseased ones, and the remaining were drug-drug, drug-food, and bioequivalence-related. These studies were included only based on the presence of plasma concentration-time profiles or PK parameters, i.e., maximum plasma concentration (C max ), half-life (t 1/2 ) area under the curve from time 0-infinity (AUC 0-∞), and clearance (CL/F). A dose-proportional increase in AUC 0-∞ and C max can be portrayed in different studies conducted in the healthy population. In comparison to cefaclor, C max was recorded to be 0.5 folds higher for cephalexin in the case of renal impairment. An increase in AUC 0-∞ was seen in cephalexin on administration with probenecid, i.e., 117 µg.h/mL vs. 68.1 µg.h/mL. Moreover, drug-drug interactions with omeprazole, ranitidine, zinc sulfate, and drug-food interactions for cephalexin and other cephalosporins have also been depicted in different studies with significant changes in all PK parameters. This current review has reported all accessible studies containing PK variables in healthy and diseased populations (renal, dental, and osteoarticular infections, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) that may be favorable for health practitioners in optimizing doses among the latter. |
