Three finger toxins of elapids: structure, function, clinical applications and its inhibitors.

Autor: Hiremath K; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.; KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India., Dodakallanavar J; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.; KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India., Sampat GH; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.; KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India., Patil VS; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.; KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India., Harish DR; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India. harish.dr@icmr.gov.in., Chavan R; KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India. rajashekarchavan18@gmail.com., Hegde HV; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India., Roy S; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular diversity [Mol Divers] 2024 Oct; Vol. 28 (5), pp. 3409-3426. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 25.
DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10734-3
Abstrakt: The WHO lists snakebite as a "neglected tropical disease". In tropical and subtropical areas, envenoming is an important public health issue. This review article describes the structure, function, chemical composition, natural inhibitors, and clinical applications of Elapids' Three Finger Toxins (3FTX) using scientific research data. The primary venomous substance belonging to Elapidae is 3FTX, that targets nAChR. Three parallel β-sheets combine to create 3FTX, which has four or five disulfide bonds. The three primary types of 3FTX are short-chain, long-chain, and nonconventional 3FTX. The functions of 3FTX depend on the specific toxin subtype and the target receptor or ion channel. The well-known effect of 3FTX is probably neurotoxicity because of the severe consequences of muscular paralysis and respiratory failure in snakebite victims. 3FTX have also been studied for their potential clinical applications. α-bungarotoxin has been used as a molecular probe to study the structure and function of nAChRs (Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors). Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) isoforms 1a and 1b are inhibited by Mambalgins, derived from Black mamba venom, which hinders their function and provide an analgesic effect. α- Cobra toxin is a neurotoxin purified from Chinese cobra (Naja atra) binds to nAChR at the neuronal junction and causes an analgesic effect for moderate to severe pain. Some of the plants and their compounds have been shown to inhibit the activity of 3FTX, and their mechanisms of action are discussed.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: All the authors of this manuscript declare that they do not have any conflict of interest in any financial or non-financial means. All the authors of this manuscript have read and approved the final draft. Ethical approval: This work doesn’t include any animal or human studies.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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