What Kurt Schneider Really Said and What the DSM Has Made of it in Its Different Editions: A Plea to Redefine Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.

Autor: Moritz S; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Gawęda Ł; Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Carpenter WT; Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Aleksandrowicz A; Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Borgmann L; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Gallinat J; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Fuchs T; Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Schizophrenia bulletin [Schizophr Bull] 2024 Jan 01; Vol. 50 (1), pp. 22-31.
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad131
Abstrakt: Kurt Schneider has played a leading role in shaping our current view of schizophrenia, placing certain manifestations of delusions and hallucinations at the center of the disorder, especially ideas of persecution and voice-hearing. The first part of this review summarizes Schneider's original ideas and then traces how the different editions of the DSM merged aspects of Kraepelin's, Bleuler's, and Schneider's historical concepts. Special attention is given to the transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, which eliminated much of Schneider's original concept. In the second part of the article, we contrast the current definition of hallucination in the DSM-5 with that of Schneider. We present empirically derived arguments that favor a redefinition of hallucinations, much in accordance with Schneider's original ideas. We plea for a two-dimensional model of hallucinations that represents the degree of insight and perceptuality, ranging from thoughts with full "mineness" via perception-laden thoughts and intrusions (including "as if" experiences") to hallucinations. While we concur with the DSM-5 that cognitions that are indistinguishable from perceptions should be labeled as hallucinations, we suggest expanding the definition to internally generated sensory phenomena, including those with only partial resemblance to external perceptions, that the individual considers real and that may lie at the heart of a subsequent delusional superstructure.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze: MEDLINE