Rapid hyperthyroidism-induced adaptation of salmonid fish in response to environmental pollution.

Autor: Esin EV; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation., Shulgina EV; Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russian Federation., Shkil FN; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.; N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of evolutionary biology [J Evol Biol] 2023 Oct; Vol. 36 (10), pp. 1471-1483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 20.
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14220
Abstrakt: The streams draining volcanic landscapes are often characterized by a complex series of factors that negatively affect hydrobionts and lead to declines in their populations. However, in a number of cases, a range of rapid adaptive changes ensure the resilience of hydrobiont populations. Here, we present both field and experimental data shedding light on the physiological basis of adaptation to heavy metal contamination in populations of Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) differing in duration of isolation in volcanic streams. The study reveals that isolated populations have a physiological phenotype that distinguishes them from populations inhabiting clean waters. They are characterized by a hyperthyroid status accompanied by an increased metabolic rate, elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased ionic conductivity of tissues and reduced stored energy reserves. Our experimental data reveal that hyperthyroidism is an adaptive characteristic enhancing the resistance to heavy metal contamination and shaping the evolution of these populations. The similarity of physiological, developmental and morphological changes in isolated populations suggests a common source and mechanisms underpinning this case of 'evolutionary rescue'. Thus, populations of S. malma trapped in volcanic streams represent a genuine case of rapid endocrine-driven adaptation to changing environmental stimuli.
(© 2023 European Society for Evolutionary Biology.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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