Characterization of four heat-treated reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow patterns.

Autor:	Martins JNR; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE)-Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisboa, Portugal., Silva EJNL; School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Marques D; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE)-Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisboa, Portugal.; LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisboa, Portugal., Pinto R; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisboa, Portugal., Francisco H; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisboa, Portugal.; Grupo de Investigação Implantologia e Regeneração Óssea (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Ajuz N; School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Rito Pereira M; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Braz Fernandes FM; CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal., Versiani MA; Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International endodontic journal [Int Endod J] 2023 Nov; Vol. 56 (11), pp. 1412-1428. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 12.
DOI:	10.1111/iej.13971
Abstrakt:	Aim: To compare the design, metallurgy, and mechanical properties of four heat-treated reciprocating instruments coupled with the evaluation of the irrigation flow using an in silico model. Methodology: New EdgeOne Fire Primary, Easy-File Flex Regular 25, WaveOne Gold Primary and Reciproc Blue R25 instruments (n = 124) were initially evaluated regarding their design through stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D surface scanning. In addition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was utilized to determine their elemental composition, and differential scanning calorimetry tests to evaluate their phase transformation temperatures. Their mechanical performance was further assessed through torsional and bending tests. Using scans obtained from a real tooth and the instruments, a computational fluid dynamics assessment was conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparation. Mood's median and One-way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%). Results: Reciproc Blue exhibited a superior number of blades (n = 8), whereas EdgeOne Fire had the highest overall volume (4.38 mm 3 ) and surface area (32.32 mm 2 ). At the 3-mm axial level, EdgeOne Fire displayed the lowest core diameter (0.13 mm), while Reciproc Blue had the highest (0.16 mm). All blades were symmetrical, and the tips of the instruments were non-active but differed from each other. The most irregular surfaces were observed in EdgeOne Fire and Easy-File Flex. All instruments were manufactured from nickel-titanium alloys and exhibited distinct phase transformation temperatures. WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue demonstrated the highest maximum torque values (1.87 and 1.62 N cm, respectively), while the lowest was observed on EdgeOne Fire (1.21 N cm) (p < .05). The most flexible (p < .05) were EdgeOne Fire (angle of rotation: 602.6°; maximum bending load: 251.4 g.f) and Reciproc Blue (533.2° and 235.6 g.f). There were no significant differences observed in the irrigation flow among the four domains generated by the tested instruments. Conclusions: Despite observing variations in the design, phase transformation temperatures, and in the torsional and bending test outcomes among the four heat-treated reciprocating instruments, no significant differences were found in the irrigation flow pattern among the different groups in the simulated root canal preparations. (© 2023 British Endodontic Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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