Increasing compliance with international pandemic law: international relations and new global health agreements.

Autor:	Kavanagh MM; School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: matthew.kavanagh@georgetown.edu., Wenham C; Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK., Massard da Fonseca E; Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Helfer LR; Duke University School of Law, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Nyukuri E; Faculty of Law, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Maleche A; O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Kenya Legal & Ethical Issues Network on HIV and AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya., Halabi SF; School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA., Radhakrishnan A; O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA., Waris A; Faculty of Law, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Lancet (London, England) [Lancet] 2023 Sep 23; Vol. 402 (10407), pp. 1097-1106. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 04.
DOI:	10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01527-1
Abstrakt:	Across multiple pandemics, global health governance institutions have struggled to secure the compliance of states with international legal and political commitments, ranging from data sharing to observing WHO guidance to sharing vaccines. In response, governments are negotiating a new pandemic treaty and revising the International Health Regulations. Achieving compliance remains challenging, but international relations and international law research in areas outside of health offers insights. This Health Policy analyses international relations research on the reasons why states comply with international law, even in the absence of sanctions. Drawing on human rights, trade, finance, tobacco, and environmental law, we categorise compliance mechanisms as police patrol, fire alarm, or community organiser models. We show that, to date, current and proposed global health law incorporates only a few of the mechanisms that have shown to be effective in other areas. We offer six specific, politically feasible mechanisms for new international agreements that, together, could create compliance pressures to shift state behaviour. Competing Interests: Declaration of interests CW served on the IHR Review Committee for Amendments to IHR, and subsequently has acted as a consultant for the WHO Regional Office for Europe. MMK serves as a special advisor to the UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS. LRH is a member of the UN Human Rights Committee, but this Health Policy is written in his personal capacity. All other authors declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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