Burden of lower respiratory infections and associated risk factors across regions in Ethiopia: a subnational analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 study.

Autor:	Yigezu A; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia yigezuamanuel@yahoo.com., Misganaw A; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Getnet F; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia., Berheto TM; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Walker A; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Zergaw A; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Health Systems and Policy, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Gobena FA; Ethiopian Health Insurance Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Haile MA; Ethiopian Health Insurance Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Hailu A; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway., Memirie ST; Addis Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Tolosa DM; Ethiopian Health Insurance Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Abate SM; Department of Anesthesiology, Dilla University College of Health Sciences, Dilla, Ethiopia., Molla Adane M; Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Akalu GT; St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Aklilu A; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Tsegaye D; Adult Health Nursing, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debremarkos, Ethiopia., Gebru Z; Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Asemahagn MA; School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Atlaw D; Madda Walabu University, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia., Awoke T; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Abebe H; Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Bekele NC; Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Belete MA; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Hailemariam T; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Yirga A; Department of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Birara SA; Department of Public Health, Samara University, Semera, Ethiopia., Bodicha BBA; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Churko C; Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Demeke FM; Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Desta AA; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Ena L; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Eyayu T; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia., Fentaw Z; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gargamo DB; Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot MD; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gebremichael MA; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Getachew M; Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia., Molla G; University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia., Sahiledengle B; Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Balle-Goba, Ethiopia., Beyene B; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Sibhat M; Department of Nursing, Dilla University College of Health Sciences, Dilla, Ethiopia., Sidamo NB; Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Solomon D; Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia., Solomon Y; Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia., Wagaye B; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Wedajo S; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Weldemariam M; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Yismaw YE; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Naghavi M; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2023 Sep 04; Vol. 13 (9), pp. e068498. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 04.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068498
Abstrakt:	Objective: This analysis is to present the burden and trends of morbidity and mortality due to lower respiratory infections (LRIs), their contributing risk factors, and the disparity across administrative regions and cities from 1990 to 2019. Design: This analysis used Global Burden of Disease 2019 framework to estimate morbidity and mortality outcomes of LRI and its contributing risk factors. The Global Burden of Disease study uses all available data sources and Cause of Death Ensemble model to estimate deaths from LRI and a meta-regression disease modelling technique to estimate LRI non-fatal outcomes with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Study Setting: The study includes nine region states and two chartered cities of Ethiopia. Outcome Measures: We calculated incidence, death and years of life lost (YLLs) due to LRIs and contributing risk factors using all accessible data sources. We calculated 95% UIs for the point estimates. Results: In 2019, LRIs incidence, death and YLLs among all age groups were 8313.7 (95% UI 7757.6-8918), 59.4 (95% UI 49.8-71.4) and 2404.5 (95% UI 2059.4-2833.3) per 100 000 people, respectively. From 1990, the corresponding decline rates were 39%, 61% and 76%, respectively. Children under the age of 5 years account for 20% of episodes, 42% of mortalities and 70% of the YLL of the total burden of LRIs in 2019. The mortality rate was significantly higher in predominantly pastoralist regions-Benishangul-Gumuz 101.8 (95% UI 84.0-121.7) and Afar 103.7 (95% UI 86.6-122.6). The Somali region showed the least decline in mortality rates. More than three-fourths of under-5 child deaths due to LRIs were attributed to malnutrition. Household air pollution from solid fuel attributed to nearly half of the risk factors for all age mortalities due to LRIs in the country. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, LRIs have reduced significantly across the regions over the years (except in elders), however, are still the third-leading cause of mortality, disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years old and predominantly pastoralist regions. Interventions need to consider leading risk factors, targeted age groups and pastoralist and cross-border communities. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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