Cocoa Apoplastome Contains Defense Proteins Against Pathogens.

Autor:	de Oliveira IB; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil., Moura IM; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil., Santana JO; Laboratório Municipal de Referência Regional (LMRR- LACEN), 45810-000 Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil., Gramacho KP; Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau (CEPEC/CEPLAC) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Km 22 Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, Bahia 45600-970, Brazil., Dos Santos Alves S; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil., Ferreira MM; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil., Santos AS; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil., de Novais DPS; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, IFBA, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil., Pirovani CP; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Phytopathology [Phytopathology] 2024 Feb; Vol. 114 (2), pp. 427-440. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 05.
DOI:	10.1094/PHYTO-03-23-0101-R
Abstrakt:	The apoplast performs important functions in the plant, such as defense against stress, and compounds present form the apoplastic washing fluid (AWF). The fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa , the causal agent of witches' broom disease (WBD) in Theobroma cacao , initially colonizes the apoplast in its biotrophic phase. In this period, the fungus can remain for approximately 60 days, until it changes to its second phase, causing tissue death and consequently large loss in the production of beans. To better understand the importance of the apoplast in the T. cacao - M. perniciosa interaction, we performed the first apoplastic proteomic mapping of two contrasting genotypes for WBD resistance (CCN51-resistant and Catongo-susceptible). Based on two-dimensional gel analysis, we identified 36 proteins in CCN-51 and 15 in Catongo. We highlight PR-proteins, such as peroxidases, β-1,3-glucanases, and chitinases. A possible candidate for a resistance marker of the CCN-51 genotype, osmotin, was identified. The antioxidative metabolism of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme showed a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the AWF of the two genotypes under field conditions (FD). T. cacao AWF inhibited the germination of M. perniciosa basidiospores (>80%), in addition to causing morphological changes. Our results shed more light on the nature of the plant's defense performed by the apoplast in the T. cacao-M. perniciosa interaction in the initial (biotrophic) phase of fungal infection and therefore make it possible to expand WBD control strategies based on the identification of potential targets for resistance markers and advance scientific knowledge of the disease. Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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