Age-dependent immune responses in COVID-19-mediated liver injury: focus on cytokines.

Autor:	Aghamohamadi N; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shahba F; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khorramdelazad H; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Karimi M; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Falak R; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Emameh RZ; Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2023 Aug 15; Vol. 14, pp. 1139692. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 15 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fendo.2023.1139692
Abstrakt:	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is potentially pathogenic and causes severe symptoms; in addition to respiratory syndromes, patients might experience other severe conditions such as digestive complications and liver complications injury. The abnormality in the liver is manifested by hepatobiliary dysfunction and enzymatic elevation, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, cytokine storm, and adverse effects of therapeutic regimens have a crucial role in the severity of liver injury. According to aging and immune system alterations, cytokine patterns may also change in the elderly. Moreover, hyperproduction of cytokines in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The mortality rate in elderly patients, particularly those with other comorbidities, is also higher than in adults. Although the pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver has been widely studied, the impact of age and immune-mediated responses at different ages remain unclear. This review discusses the association between immune system responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of different ages and liver injury, focusing on cytokine alterations. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Aghamohamadi, Shahba, Zarezadeh Mehrabadi, Khorramdelazad, Karimi, Falak and Emameh.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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