Olfactory status in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.

Autor: Amini E; ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rohani M; Department of Neurology, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jalessi M; Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dr.jalessi@googlemail.com., Azad Z; Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Valzania F; Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy., Cavallieri F; Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy., Farhadi M; ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gholibeigian Z; Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology [Neurol Sci] 2024 Feb; Vol. 45 (2), pp. 647-654. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 31.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07037-8
Abstrakt: Background: Olfactory dysfunction has been suggested as a diagnostic and discriminative biomarker in some neurodegenerative disorders. However, there are few studies regarding the olfactory status in rare diseases including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders.
Methods: Genetically-confirmed NBIA patients were enrolled. Neurological and cognitive examinations were conducted according to the Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration-Disease Rating Scale (PKAN-DRS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, respectively. Olfaction was assessed in three domains of odor threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), odor identification (OI), and total sum (TDI) score by the Sniffin' Sticks test. The olfactory scores were compared to a control group and a normative data set.
Results: Thirty-seven patients, including 22 PKAN, 6 Kufor Rakeb syndrome, 4 Mitochondrial membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (MPAN), 5 cases of other 4 subtypes, and 37 controls were enrolled. The mean PKAN-DRS score was 51.83±24.93. Sixteen patients (55.2%) had normal cognition based on MMSE. NBIA patients had significantly lower olfactory scores compared to the controls in TDI and all three subtests, and 60% of them were hyposmic according to the normative data. Including only the cognitively-normal patients, still, OI and TDI scores were significantly lower compared to the controls. The phospholipase A2-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) and MPAN patients had a significantly lower OI score compared to the cognitively-matched PKAN patients.
Conclusion: Olfactory impairment as a common finding in various subtypes of NBIA disorder can potentially be considered a discriminative biomarker. Better OI in PKAN compared to PLAN and MPAN patients may be related to the different underlying pathologies.
(© 2023. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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