| Autor: |
Espira LM; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States., Gessese B; Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 150461, Ethiopia., Kassa BA; Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia., Wu CC; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan., Riley J; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States., Bedru S; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia., Sahilu G; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia., Desta A; Department of Microbial and Cellular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia., Baye K; Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia., Jones AD; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States., Love NG; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States., Eisenberg JNS; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Despite growing urbanization, our understanding of the impacts of water and sanitation on human health has largely come from studies in rural sectors. To this end, we collected data at both regional (water quality measures from water treatment systems) and community (cross-sectional surveys) scales to examine determinants of enteric pathogen infection and diarrheal disease among infants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Regionally, the Legedadi water treatment plant had significantly lower heterotrophic plate counts, total coliform counts, and fecal coliform counts compared with the Gefersa water treatment plant. The number of pathogen types in infant stool also differed by plant. Decreases in chlorine levels and increases in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria with distance from treatment plants suggest a compromised water distribution system. In communities, infants in households that obtained water from yard pipes or public taps had significantly lower odds of diarrhea compared to households that had water piped into their dwellings (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16, 0.76, and OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 1.00, respectively). Similarly, infants in households that boiled or filtered water had significantly lower odds of diarrhea compared to households that did not treat water (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19, 0.86 and OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06, 0.84, respectively). Integrating multiscalar data better informs the health impacts of water in urban settings. |
