Effects of cashew nut shell extract supplementation on production, rumen fermentation, metabolism, and inflammatory biomarkers in transition dairy cows.

Autor:	Goetz BM; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Horst EA; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Mayorga EJ; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Abeyta MA; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Rodriguez-Jimenez S; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Carta S; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011., Lourenco JM; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602., Callaway TR; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602., Hikita C; SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022., Watanabe T; SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022., Baumgard LH; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. Electronic address: baumgard@iastate.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of dairy science [J Dairy Sci] 2023 Dec; Vol. 106 (12), pp. 9843-9854. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 23.
DOI:	10.3168/jds.2023-23563
Abstrakt:	Cashew nut shell extract (CNSE) is a byproduct of the cashew nut industry, containing bioactive compounds that alter rumen fermentation patterns. Therefore, study objectives were to evaluate the effects of CNSE (59% anacardic acid and 18% cardol) on production, rumen fermentation variables, metabolism, and inflammation in transition dairy cows. A total of 51 multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized design and assigned to treatment based on their previous 305-d mature equivalent milk and parity. Cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments 21 d before expected calving: (1) CON (control diet; n = 17) or (2) CNSE-5.0 (control diet and 5.0 g/d CNSE granule [containing 50% CNSE]; n = 34). Following parturition, 17 cows (preselected at initial treatment assignment) from the CNSE-5.0 treatment were reallocated into a third treatment group: CNSE-2.5 (control diet and 2.5 g/d CNSE granule; n = 17), resulting in 3 total treatments postpartum: (1) CON, (2) CNSE-2.5, and (3) CNSE-5.0. Prepartum rumen pH was unaltered by treatment; however, postpartum rumen pH was increased (0.31 units) in CNSE cows relative to CON. Prepartum rumen ammonia N concentration tended to be decreased (34%) in CNSE-5.0 cows compared with CON, and there tended to be a quadratic effect on postpartum ammonia N, as it was decreased in CNSE-2.5 compared with CON and CNSE-5.0. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by treatment; however, postpartum DMI was increased (8%) in CNSE cows relative to CON. No treatment differences were observed in pre- or postpartum digestibility measurements. Milk and protein yields from cows fed CNSE tended to be increased (6% and 7%, respectively) relative to CON. No treatment differences were detected for energy-corrected milk, feed efficiency, body weight, body condition score, energy balance, milk composition, milk urea nitrogen, or somatic cell count. Prepartum fecal pH decreased (0.12 units) in CNSE-5.0 cows relative to CON cows but was similar between treatments postpartum. Supplementing CNSE did not affect prepartum glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), or insulin. However, prepartum circulating blood urea nitrogen tended to be decreased and glucagon was decreased in CNSE-5.0 cows compared with CON (9 and 20%, respectively). Additionally, CNSE supplementation decreased glucose and insulin concentrations postpartum relative to CON cows (6% and 20%, respectively). Quadratic effects were detected for postpartum circulating NEFA and BHB such that their levels were increased in CNSE-2.5 cows relative to CON and CNSE-5.0. Pre- and postpartum circulating serum amyloid A, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and haptoglobin were unaffected by treatment. Overall, CNSE influenced some key rumen fermentation variables, altered postabsorptive metabolism, and increased production parameters in transition dairy cows. (© 2023, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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