How does global warming contribute to disorders originating from an impaired epithelial barrier?

Autor:	Ozdemir C; Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye., Kucuksezer UC; Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye., Ogulur I; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Pat Y; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Yazici D; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Agache I; Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania., Jutel M; Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland., Nadeau KC; Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts., Akdis M; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Akdis CA; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland. Electronic address: akdisac@siaf.uzh.ch.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology [Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 131 (6), pp. 703-712. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 22.
DOI:	10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.010
Abstrakt:	The epithelial barrier represents the point of contact between the host and the external environment. It is the first line of defense against external insults in the skin and in the gastrointestinal and upper and lower respiratory tracts. The steep increase in chronic disorders in recent decades, including allergies and autoimmune disorders, has prompted studies to investigate the immune mechanisms of their underlying pathogeneses, all of which point to a thought-provoking shared finding: disrupted epithelial barriers. Climate change with global warming has increased the frequency of unpredictable extreme weather events, such as wildfires, droughts, floods, and aberrant and longer pollination seasons, among many others. These increasingly frequent natural disasters can synergistically damage the epithelial barrier integrity in the presence of environmental pollution. A disrupted epithelial barrier induces proinflammatory activation of epithelial cells and alarmin production, namely, epithelitis. The "opened" epithelial barrier facilitates the entry of the external exposome into and underneath the epithelium, triggering an expulsion response driven by inflammatory cells in the area and chronic inflammation. These changes are associated with microbial dysbiosis with colonizing opportunistic pathogens and decreased commensals. These cellular and molecular events are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the impact of global warming on epithelial barrier functions in the context of allergic diseases. Further studies in the impact of climate change on the dysfunction of the epithelial barriers are warranted to improve our understanding of epithelial barrier-related diseases and raise awareness of the environmental insults that pose a threat to our health. (Copyright © 2023 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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