Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa.

Autor: Iwu CD; SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa., Nontongana N; SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa., Iwu-Jaja CJ; Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Anyanwu BO; Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., du Plessis E; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.; Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Pretoria, South Africa., Korsten L; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.; Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Pretoria, South Africa., Okoh AI; SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 Aug 24; Vol. 18 (8), pp. e0288809. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 24 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288809
Abstrakt: Freshwater sources, often used for domestic and agricultural purposes in low- and middle-income countries are repositories of clinically significant bacterial pathogens. These pathogens are usually diversified in their antibiogram profiles posing public health threats. This study evaluated the spatial diarrhoeal disease risk and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in four access points of the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard epidemiological, culture, and molecular methods. The diarrhoeal disease risk was characterised using the Monte Carlo simulation, while the antibiogram diversity was assessed using the species observed Whittaker's single alpha-diversity modelling. E. coli mean count was highest in King William's Town dam [16.0 × 102 CFU/100ml (SD: 100.0, 95% CI: 13.5 × 102 to 18.5 × 102)]. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (stx1/stx2) was the most prevalent DEC pathotype across the study sites. A high diarrhoeal disease risk of 25.0 ×10-2 exceeding the World Health Organization's standard was recorded across the study sites. The average single and multiple antimicrobial resistance indices of the DEC to test antimicrobials were highest in the Eluxolzweni dam [0.52 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.67)] and King William's Town dam [0.42 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.57)] respectively. The prevalent antibiotic resistance genes detected were tetA, blaFOX and blaMOX plasmid-mediated AmpC, blaTEM and blaSHV extended-spectrum β-lactamases, which co-occurred across the study sites on network analysis. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance characteristics of the DEC in Maden dam (r = 0.93, p<0.00), Rooikrantz dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00), King William's Town dam (r = 0.83, p = 0.0), and Eluxolzweni dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00) were strongly correlated. At least, three phylogenetic clades of the DEC with initial steep descent alpha-diversity curves for most of the test antimicrobials were observed across the study sites, indicating high diversity. The occurrence of diversified multi drug resistant DEC with diarrhoeal disease risks in the Buffalo River substantiates the role surface water bodies play in the dissemination of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens with public health implications.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Iwu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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