Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity.

Autor: Brodie JF; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA. jedediah.brodie@umontana.edu.; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA. jedediah.brodie@umontana.edu.; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia. jedediah.brodie@umontana.edu., Mohd-Azlan J; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia., Chen C; Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Wearn OR; Fauna and Flora International-Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam., Deith MCM; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Ball JGC; Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Slade EM; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore., Burslem DFRP; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK., Teoh SW; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA., Williams PJ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA., Nguyen A; Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany., Moore JH; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Goetz SJ; School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Burns P; School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Jantz P; School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Hakkenberg CR; School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Kaszta ZM; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.; Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Cushman S; Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Coomes D; Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Helmy OE; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, USA., Reynolds G; The South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah, Malaysia., Rodríguez JP; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation (IVIC) and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela., Jetz W; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Luskin MS; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2023 Aug; Vol. 620 (7975), pp. 807-812. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 23.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06410-z
Abstrakt: The United Nations recently agreed to major expansions of global protected areas (PAs) to slow biodiversity declines 1 . However, although reserves often reduce habitat loss, their efficacy at preserving animal diversity and their influence on biodiversity in surrounding unprotected areas remain unclear 2-5 . Unregulated hunting can empty PAs of large animals 6 , illegal tree felling can degrade habitat quality 7 , and parks can simply displace disturbances such as logging and hunting to unprotected areas of the landscape 8 (a phenomenon called leakage). Alternatively, well-functioning PAs could enhance animal diversity within reserves as well as in nearby unprotected sites 9 (an effect called spillover). Here we test whether PAs across mega-diverse Southeast Asia contribute to vertebrate conservation inside and outside their boundaries. Reserves increased all facets of bird diversity. Large reserves were also associated with substantially enhanced mammal diversity in the adjacent unprotected landscape. Rather than PAs generating leakage that deteriorated ecological conditions elsewhere, our results are consistent with PAs inducing spillover that benefits biodiversity in surrounding areas. These findings support the United Nations goal of achieving 30% PA coverage by 2030 by demonstrating that PAs are associated with higher vertebrate diversity both inside their boundaries and in the broader landscape.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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