Identifying Foods That Optimize Intake of Key Micronutrients During Pregnancy.

Autor:	Sauder KA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States. Electronic address: ksauder@wakehealth.edu., Cohen CC; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States., Mueller NT; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States., Hockett CW; Avera Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States., Switkowski KM; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States., Maldonado LE; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Lyall K; AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States., Kerver JM; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States., Dabelea D; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States., O'Connor TG; Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States., Glueck DH; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States., Melough MM; Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States., Couzens GL; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States., Catellier DJ; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States., Smith PB; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina., Newby KL; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina., Benjamin DK; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of nutrition [J Nutr] 2023 Oct; Vol. 153 (10), pp. 3012-3022. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 19.
DOI:	10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.012
Abstrakt:	Background: Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake. Objective: We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy. Methods: In a previous analysis of 2,450 pregnant women, we calculated the range of additional intake needed to shift 90% of participants to intake above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper level for these 6 nutrients. Here, we identified foods and beverages from the 2019 to 2020 Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies that provide target levels of these nutrients without exceeding the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester (340 kilocalories). Results: We identified 2358 candidate foods meeting the target intake range for at least one nutrient. No candidate foods provided target amounts of all 6 nutrients. Seaweed (raw or cooked without fat) provided sufficient vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron, and omega-3s (5 of 6 nutrients) but would require an intake of >5 cups/d. Twenty-one other foods/beverages (mainly fish, vegetables, and beverages) provided target amounts of 4 of the 6 nutrients. Few foods met targets for vitamin D (n = 54) or iron (n = 93). Conclusions: Results highlight the difficulty in meeting nutritional requirements from diet alone and imply that dietary supplements are likely necessary to meet vitamin D and iron targets in pregnancy, as well as omega-3 fatty acid targets for individuals who do not consume fish products. Other foods could be added in limited amounts to help meet intake targets without exceeding caloric recommendations or nutrient safety limits. (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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