Regulation of immune response against third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae by human genes.

Autor:	Puasri P; Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Dechkhajorn W; Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Dekumyoy P; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Yoonuan T; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Ampawong S; Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Reamtong O; Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Boonyuen U; Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Benjathummarak S; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Maneerat Y; Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2023 Aug 03; Vol. 14, pp. 1218965. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 03 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218965
Abstrakt:	Background: Gnathostomiasis is an important zoonosis in tropical areas that is mainly caused by third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae ( G. spinigerum L3). Objectives: This study aimed to prove whether G. spinigerum L3 produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate human gene profiles related to the immune response against the larvae. Methods: We created an immune cell model using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with the larvae for 1 and 3 days, respectively. The PBMCs were harvested for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The EV ultrastructure was examined in the larvae and the cultured medium. Results: Extracellular vesicle-like particles were observed under the larval teguments and in the pellets in the medium. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 2,847 and 3,118 genes were significantly expressed on days 1 and 3 after culture, respectively. The downregulated genes on day 1 after culture were involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines, the complement system and apoptosis, whereas those on day 3 were involved in T cell-dependent B cell activation and wound healing. Significantly upregulated genes related to cell proliferation, activation and development, as well as cytotoxicity, were observed on day 1, and genes regulating T cell maturation, granulocyte function, nuclear factor-κB and toll-like receptor pathways were predominantly observed on day 3 after culture. Conclusion: G. spinigerum L3 produces EV-like particles and releases them into the excretory-secretory products. Overall, genotypic findings during our 3-day observation revealed that most significant gene expressions were related to T and B cell signalling, driving T helper 2 cells related to chronic infection, immune evasion of the larvae, and the pathogenesis of gnathostomiasis. Further in-depth studies are necessary to clarify gene functions in the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of the infective larvae. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Puasri, Dechkhajorn, Dekumyoy, Yoonuan, Ampawong, Reamtong, Boonyuen, Benjathummarak and Maneerat.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu