| Autor: |
Tremmel R; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; email: matthias.schwab@ikp-stuttgart.de.; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Hofmann U; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; email: matthias.schwab@ikp-stuttgart.de.; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Haag M; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; email: matthias.schwab@ikp-stuttgart.de.; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Schaeffeler E; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; email: matthias.schwab@ikp-stuttgart.de.; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,' University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Schwab M; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; email: matthias.schwab@ikp-stuttgart.de.; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,' University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany. |
| Abstrakt: |
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) enables personalized treatment for the prediction of drug response and to avoid adverse drug reactions. Currently, PGx mainly relies on the genetic information of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) targets such as drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to predict differences in the patient's phenotype. However, there is evidence that the phenotype-genotype concordance is limited. Thus, we discuss different phenotyping strategies using exogenous xenobiotics (e.g., drug cocktails) or endogenous compounds for phenotype prediction. In particular, minimally invasive approaches focusing on liquid biopsies offer great potential to preemptively determine metabolic and transport capacities. Early studies indicate that ADME phenotyping using exosomes released from the liver is reliable. In addition, pharmacometric modeling and artificial intelligence improve phenotype prediction. However, further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of individualized treatment based on phenotyping strategies, not only relying on genetics. The present review summarizes current knowledge and limitations. |
