Resistance exercise: a mighty tool that adapts, destroys, rebuilds and modulates the molecular and structural environment of skeletal muscle.

Autor:	Bersiner K; Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany., Park SY; Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea., Schaaf K; Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany., Yang WH; Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea.; Department of Medicine, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea., Theis C; Center for Anaesthesiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany., Jacko D; Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany., Gehlert S; Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Physical activity and nutrition [Phys Act Nutr] 2023 Jun; Vol. 27 (2), pp. 78-95. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 30.
DOI:	10.20463/pan.2023.0021
Abstrakt:	Purpose: Skeletal muscle regulates health and performance by maintaining or increasing strength and muscle mass. Although the molecular mechanisms in response to resistance exercise (RE) significantly target the activation of protein synthesis, a plethora of other mechanisms and structures must be involved in orchestrating the communication, repair, and restoration of homeostasis after RE stimulation. In practice, RE can be modulated by variations in intensity, continuity and volume, which affect molecular responses and skeletal muscle adaptation. Knowledge of these aspects is important with respect to planning of training programs and assessing the impact of RE training on skeletal muscle. Methods: In this narrative review, we introduce general aspects of skeletal muscle substructures that adapt in response to RE. We further highlighted the molecular mechanisms that control human skeletal muscle anabolism, degradation, repair and memory in response to acute and repeated RE and linked these aspects to major training variables. Results: Although RE is a key stimulus for the activation of skeletal muscle anabolism, it also induces myofibrillar damage. Nevertheless, to increase muscle mass accompanied by a corresponding adaptation of the essential substructures of the sarcomeric environment, RE must be continuously repeated. This requires the permanent engagement of molecular mechanisms that re-establish skeletal muscle integrity after each RE-induced muscle damage. Conclusion: Various molecular regulators coordinately control the adaptation of skeletal muscle after acute and repeated RE and expand their actions far beyond muscle growth. Variations of key resistance training variables likely affect these mechanisms without affecting muscle growth.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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