Is a spot urine sample a good substitution to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a population ≥ 50 years old? A validation study.

Autor: Hariri M; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran., Ramezani AM; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran., Shamshirgaran SM; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran., Gholami A; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. Gholamia1@nums.ac.ir.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. Gholamia1@nums.ac.ir.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: European journal of nutrition [Eur J Nutr] 2023 Dec; Vol. 62 (8), pp. 3277-3286. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 14.
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03217-6
Abstrakt: Purpose: A variety of prediction equations have been able to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion from spot urine samples; however, Iranians over the age of 50 have not been compared and verified. Using spot urine samples as a substitute for 24-h urine samples to estimate 24-h urine sodium excretion among the population age 50 and older are the purpose of this study.
Methods: A 24-h urinary sodium excretion was studied by well-known Kawasaki, INTERSALT, Tanaka, and World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) formulas. On 360 individuals, the mean bias, agreements between estimated and measured values, correlation, absolute and relative differences, and misclassification rates were evaluated for four equations.
Results: As a result, the mean urinary sodium excretion for a 24-h period was 136.3 ± 52.21 mmol/24-h, which corresponds to a calculated intake of 9.1 ± 3.8 g of salt per day. According to the WHO/PAHO formula, the mean bias between measured values and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion is - 21.6 mg/day (95% confidence interval (CI) - 144.8, 101.6 mg/day), which is the smallest difference compared with the other three formulas. The lowest rate of individual misclassification of salt intake was 40% for WHO/PAHO, especially for those who consumed less than 9 g/day, while Kawasaki had the lowest misclassification rate at higher levels of salt intake.
Conclusion: As a result of our research, the WHO/PAHO equations accurately predict 24-h urinary sodium excretion among Iranians aged ≥ 50 more than other equations, both at the population level and at the individual level. However, further study is needed in regard to different ages in Iran.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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