| Autor: |
Grandin T; Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA., Velarde A; Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Veinat Sies S-N, 17121 Monells, Spain., Strappini A; Animal Health & Welfare, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands., Gerritzen M; Animal Health & Welfare, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands., Ghezzi M; Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina., Martínez-Burnes J; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico., Hernández-Ávalos I; Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico., Domínguez-Oliva A; Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico., Casas-Alvarado A; Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico., Mota-Rojas D; Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico. |
| Abstrakt: |
The slaughter process in livestock is considered a stressor where the transport and handling of animals, as well as the selected stunning and bleeding methods, can cause acute pain, distress, and suffering. In water buffaloes, although stunning is known to be performed before bleeding to induce unconsciousness, no emphasis is made on the nociceptive events during this process. Particularly, current mechanical stunning methods applied to cattle are unsuitable for water buffaloes due to anatomical differences in the skull from other large ruminants. Furthermore, although very high-pressure pneumatic (200-220 psi) may be effective in the frontal position for lighter-weight water buffalos, for heavier animals, it is less likely to be effective. The present review aims: (1) to analyze the anatomical particularities of water buffaloes to discuss the importance of selecting a stunning method suitable for buffaloes, and (2) to revise the potential pain-related consequences, such as hyperalgesia and sensitization, and the signs to assess the stun quality and death to comprehend the relevance of a proper technique according to the species. |
