Golden ratio and self-similarity in swimming: breast-stroke and the back-stroke.

Autor:	Verrelli CM; Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Romagnoli C; Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy., Colistra N; Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Ferretti I; Biomechanical and Video-Analysis Area for the National Teams of 'Federazione Italiana Nuoto', Rome, Italy., Annino G; Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Human Performance Lab, Centre of Space Biomedicine, Department of Medicine Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Bonaiuto V; Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Manzi V; Department of Humanities Science, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in human neuroscience [Front Hum Neurosci] 2023 Jul 24; Vol. 17, pp. 1176866. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 24 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fnhum.2023.1176866
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Dynamics-on-graph concepts and generalized finite-length Fibonacci sequences have been used to characterize, from a temporal point of view, both human walking & running at a comfortable speed and front-crawl & butterfly swimming strokes at a middle/long distance pace. Such sequences, in which the golden ratio plays a crucial role to describe self-similar patterns, have been found to be subtly experimentally exhibited by healthy (but not pathological) walking subjects and elite swimmers, in terms of durations of gait/stroke-subphases with a clear physical meaning. Corresponding quantitative indices have been able to unveil the resulting hidden time-harmonic and self-similar structures. Results: In this study, we meaningfully extend such latest findings to the remaining two swimming strokes, namely, the breast-stroke and the back-stroke: breast-stroke, just like butterfly swimming, is highly technical and involves the complex coordination of the arm and leg actions, while back-stroke is definitely similar to front-crawl swimming. An experimental validation with reference to international-level swimmers is included. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Verrelli, Romagnoli, Colistra, Ferretti, Annino, Bonaiuto and Manzi.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu