Fetal microchimerism and the two-stage model of preeclampsia.

Autor: Jacobsen DP; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: danjac@ous-hf.no., Fjeldstad HE; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Sugulle M; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway., Johnsen GM; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway., Olsen MB; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Kanaan SB; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Chimerocyte, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA., Staff AC; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of reproductive immunology [J Reprod Immunol] 2023 Sep; Vol. 159, pp. 104124. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 25.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104124
Abstrakt: Fetal cells cross the placenta during pregnancy and some have the ability to persist in maternal organs and circulation long-term, a phenomenon termed fetal microchimerism. These cells often belong to stem cell or immune cell lineages. The long-term effects of fetal microchimerism are likely mixed, potentially depending on the amount of fetal cells transferred, fetal-maternal histocompatibility and fetal cell-specific properties. Both human and animal data indicate that fetal-origin cells partake in tissue repair and may benefit maternal health overall. On the other hand, these cells have been implicated in inflammatory diseases by studies showing increased fetal microchimerism in women with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. During pregnancy, preeclampsia is associated with increased cell-transfer between the mother and fetus, and an increase in immune cell subsets. In the current review, we discuss potential mechanisms of transplacental transfer, including passive leakage across the compromised diffusion barrier and active recruitment of cells residing in the placenta or fetal circulation. Within the conceptual framework of the two-stage model of preeclampsia, where syncytiotrophoblast stress is a common pathophysiological pathway to maternal and fetal clinical features of preeclampsia, we argue that microchimerism may represent a mechanistic link between stage 1 placental dysfunction and stage 2 maternal cardiovascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we postulate that fetal microchimerism may contribute to the known association between placental syndromes and increased long-term maternal cardiovascular disease risk. Fetal microchimerism research represents an exciting opportunity for developing new disease biomarkers and targeted prophylaxis against maternal diseases.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Roche Diagnostics have previously donated sFlt-1 and PlGF reagents in-kind to Anne Cathrine Staff. Sami B. Kanaan is founder at Chimerocyte, Inc., a for-profit that develops highly sensitive chimerism assays. Some of the data discusse in the review have been generated at Chimerocyte in a blinded fashion and Chimerocyte had no role in the final interpretation of the data. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: