Hoarseness: When to observe and when to refer.

Autor:	Ferraro EL; Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH ferrare@ccf.org., Nelson RC; Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH., Bryson PC; Director, Cleveland Clinic Voice Center; Head, Section of Laryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Associate Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine [Cleve Clin J Med] 2023 Aug 01; Vol. 90 (8), pp. 475-481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 01.
DOI:	10.3949/ccjm.90a.23010
Abstrakt:	The terms hoarseness and dysphonia are used interchangeably, and both describe a type of altered vocal quality affecting one-third of patients. While hoarseness may be secondary to benign conditions such as reflux or viral laryngitis, it may suggest benign or malignant vocal-fold pathology. It is important for caregivers to know how to evaluate, treat, and when to refer patients for direct visualization via laryngoscopy. In this article, we review basic laryngeal anatomy and function, symptoms of vocal-fold pathology, and current guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery on the diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia, including patient referral. (Copyright © 2023 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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