Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Takayasu Arteritis: A Review of Current Advances.

Autor:	Bhandari S; Cardiology, Tucson Medical Center, Tucson, USA., Butt SRR; General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA., Ishfaq A; Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK., Attaallah MH; Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY.; Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA., Ekhator C; Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA., Halappa Nagaraj R; Surgery, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW., Mulmi A; Medicine, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, BGD., Kamran M; Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK., Karski A; Emergency Medicine, American University of Antigua, Miami, USA., Vargas KI; Medicine, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MEX., Lazarevic S; Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Nis , SRB., Zaman MU; Medicine, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, PAK., Lakshmipriya Vetrivendan G; Internal Medicine, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kanchipuram, IND., Shahzed SMI; Internal Medicine, South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA., Das A; Internal Medicine, North East Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet, BGD., Yadav V; Internal Medicine, Pt. Bhagwat Dayal (BD) Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND., Bellegarde SB; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG., Ullah A; Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2023 Jul 29; Vol. 15 (7), pp. e42667. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 29 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.42667
Abstrakt:	Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory vasculitis that primarily affects large arteries, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of TA based on current advances in the field. TA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated inflammation, vascular remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction. The disease progresses through three stages (active, chronic, and healing phase) each presenting distinct clinical features. Diagnosis of TA can be challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Various imaging modalities, such as angiography, ultrasound, and Doppler techniques, play a crucial role in the diagnosis of TA by visualizing arterial involvement and assessing disease extent. Management of TA involves a multidisciplinary approach, with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as the cornerstone of medical therapy. Synthetic and biologic DMARDs are used to induce remission, control inflammation, and prevent complications. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as resistance exercises and curcumin supplementation, show potential benefits. Invasive interventions, including endovascular therapy and open surgery, are used for managing vascular lesions. However, challenges remain in disease understanding and management, including the heterogeneity of disease presentation and the lack of standardized treatment guidelines. The future of TA management lies in precision medicine, utilizing biomarkers and molecular profiling to personalize treatment approaches and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of TA and develop targeted therapies. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2023, Bhandari et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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