| Autor: |
El-Temsah ME; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Abd-Elkrem YM; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., El-Gabry YA; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Abdelkader MA; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Morsi NAA; Cell Research Department (CRD), Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt., Taha NM; Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Abd-Elrahman SH; Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Hashem FAE; Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12411, Egypt., Shahin MG; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Abd El-Samad GA; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt., Boudiar R; Biotechnology Research Center-C.R.Bt Constantine, UV 03, Nouvelle Ville Ali Mendjeli, P.O. Box E73, Constantine 25016, Algeria., Silvar C; Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain., El-Hendawy S; Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia., Mansour E; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt., El-Hady MAA; Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
Calcium is one of the most limiting factors for the growth and reproduction of peanut, which ultimately affects pod and seed yields. A two-year field experiment was carried out to assess the impact of five calcium applications, including nano-calcium and conventional forms, on growth, leaf nutrient content, yield traits, and quality parameters of three diverse peanut cultivars (Ismailia-1, Giza-5, and Giza-6). The applied calcium applications were calcium sulfate, which is recommended for commercial peanut cultivation and commonly referred to as gypsum (coded as Ca-1), calcium nitrate (Ca-2), nano-calcium nitrate (Ca-3), 50% calcium nitrate + 50% nano-calcium (Ca-4), and 50% calcium sulfate + 50% nano-calcium (Ca-5). Calcium sulfate (gypsum, Ca-1) was soil-supplied during the seedbed preparation as recommended, while the other calcium applications (Ca-2, Ca-3, Ca-4, and Ca-5) were exogenously sprayed three times at 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing. The soil of the experimental site was alkaline, with a high pH of 8.6. The results revealed significant differences among cultivars, calcium applications, and their interactions. The soil-supplied gypsum Ca-1 displayed lower agronomic performance on all recorded growth, leaf nutrient content, yield traits, and quality parameters. On the other hand, the foliar-supplied calcium, particularly Ca-4 and Ca-5, displayed superior effects compared to the other simple calcium forms. Ca-4 and Ca-5 produced significantly higher seed yield (3.58 and 3.38 t/ha) than the simple recommended form (Ca-1, 2.34 t/ha). This could be due to the difficulty of calcium uptake from soil-supplied calcium under high soil pH compared to the exogenously sprayed nano-calcium form. Moreover, the superior performance of Ca-4 and Ca-5 could be caused by the mixture of fertilizers from the synergistic effect of calcium and nitrate or sulfate. Furthermore, the effect of nitrate was applied in nano form in the Ca4 and Ca-5 treatments, which contributed to improving nutrient uptake efficiency and plant growth compared to the other treatments. The peanut cultivar Giza-6 showed superiority for most measured traits over the other two cultivars. The interaction effect between the assessed cultivars and calcium applications was significant for various traits. The cultivar Giza-6 showed a significant advantage for most measured traits with the mixture of 50% calcium nitrate + 50% nano-calcium (Ca-4). Conclusively, the results pointed out the advantage of the exogenously sprayed nano-calcium form combined with calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate for promoting growth, leaf nutrient content, yield, and quality traits of peanut, particularly with high-yielding cultivars under sandy soil with high pH. |
