| Autor: |
Massini DA; Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.; Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil., Espada MC; Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.; Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal., Macedo AG; Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.; Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil., Santos FJ; Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.; Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal., Castro EA; Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.; Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil.; LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain., Ferreira CC; Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.; Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain., Robalo RAM; Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal., Dias AAP; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal., Almeida TAF; Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.; Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil.; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal., Pessôa Filho DM; Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, Institute of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus at Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.; Physical Education Department, School of Sciences (FC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus at Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
This study aimed to apply an incremental tethered swimming test (ITT) with workloads (WL) based on individual rates of front crawl mean tethered force (Fmean) for the identification of the upper boundary of heavy exercise (by means of respiratory compensation point, RCP), and therefore to describe oxygen uptake kinetics (VO 2 k) and time limit (t Lim ) responses to WL corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (WLVO 2peak ). Sixteen swimmers of both sexes (17.6 ± 3.8 years old, 175.8 ± 9.2 cm, and 68.5 ± 10.6 kg) performed the ITT until exhaustion, attached to a weight-bearing pulley-rope system for the measurements of gas exchange threshold (GET), RCP, and VO 2peak . The WL was increased by 5% from 30 to 70% of Fmean at every minute, with Fmean being measured by a load cell attached to the swimmers during an all-out 30 s front crawl bout. The pulmonary gas exchange was sampled breath by breath, and the mathematical description of VO 2 k used a first-order exponential with time delay (TD) on the average of two rest-to-work transitions at WLVO 2peak . The mean VO 2peak approached 50.2 ± 6.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 and GET and RCP attained (respectively) 67.4 ± 7.3% and 87.4 ± 3.4% VO 2peak . The average t Lim was 329.5 ± 63.6 s for both sexes, and all swimmers attained VO 2peak (100.4 ± 3.8%) when considering the primary response of VO 2 (A 1' = 91.8 ± 6.7%VO 2peak ) associated with the VO 2 slow component (SC) of 10.7 ± 6.7% of end-exercise VO 2 , with time constants of 24.4 ± 9.8 s for A 1' and 149.3 ± 29.1 s for SC. Negative correlations were observed for t Lim to VO 2peak , WLVO 2peak , GET, RCP, and EEVO 2 (r = -0.55, -0.59, -0.58, -0.53, and -0.50). Thus, the VO 2 k during tethered swimming at WLVO 2peak reproduced the physiological responses corresponding to a severe domain. The findings also demonstrated that t Lim was inversely related to aerobic conditioning indexes and to the ability to adjust oxidative metabolism to match target VO 2 demand during exercise. |
