180° view on general practitioners' leadership skills: practice-level comparisons of leader and staff assessments using data from the cluster-randomised controlled IMPROVE job study.

Autor:	Schmidt M; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Seifried-Dübon T; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Göbel J; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany julian.goebel@ukbonn.de., Degen L; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Werners B; Institute of Management, Operations Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany., Grot M; Institute of Management, Operations Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany., Rind E; Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Pieper C; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany., Jöckel KH; Center for Clinical Trials, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany., Minder K; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Rieger MA; Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Weltermann B; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2023 Jul 27; Vol. 13 (7), pp. e066298. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 27.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066298
Abstrakt:	Objectives: Strong primary care leaders are needed to assure high quality services for patient populations. This study analysed general practitioners' (GP) leadership skills comparing practice-level self and staff assessments based on the full range of leadership model and the leader-member exchange (LMX). Setting: The questionnaire survey was conducted among German general practice leaders and their staff participating in the IMPROVE job trial. Participants: The study population comprised 60 German general practices with 366 participants: 84 GP practice leaders and 282 employees (28 physicians and 254 practice assistants). Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Leadership skills of the practice leaders were measured using the Integrative Leadership Questionnaire (German Fragebogen für integrative Führung) and the LMX-7 questionnaire. Leaders rated themselves and practice staff rated their leaders. The data was analysed by paired mean comparisons on the practice level. Results: For most leadership dimensions, practice leaders rated themselves higher than their employees rated them. Differences were found for transformational leadership (p<0.001, d=0.41), especially for the dimensions 'innovation' (p<0.001, d=0.69) and 'individuality focus' (p<0.001, d=0.50). For transactional leadership, the dimension 'goal setting' differed significantly (p<0.01, d=0.30) but not the other dimensions. Scores for negative leadership were low and showed no differences between leaders and employees. Interestingly, employed physicians' rated their practice leaders higher on the two transformational ('performance development', 'providing a vision') and all transactional dimensions. The LMX-7 scale showed high quality relationships between leaders and employees. Conclusions: This 180° analysis of GPs' leadership skills with self and employee ratings indicated good relationships. There is a potential to improve leadership regarding goal-setting, innovation and focusing on individual team members. These results allow for the development of targeted interventions. Trial Registration Number: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00012677. Registered 16 October 2019. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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