Selection of Standards for Sonographic Fetal Head Circumference by Use of z-Scores.
| Autor: | Combs CA; Pediatrix Center for Research, Education, Quality and Safety, Pediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise, Florida.; Obstetrix of San Jose, Campbell, California., Rosario AD; Obstetrix of San Jose, Campbell, California., Balogun OA; Obstetrix Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists, Houston, Texas., Bowman ZS; Perinatal Associates of Sacramento, Sacramento, California., Amara S; Eastside Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists, Bellevue, Washington. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | American journal of perinatology [Am J Perinatol] 2024 May; Vol. 41 (S 01), pp. e2625-e2635. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 24. |
| DOI: | 10.1055/a-2135-6838 |
| Abstrakt: | Objective: This study aimed to evaluate which of five established norms should be used for sonographic assessment of fetal head circumference (HC). Study Design: Cross-sectional study using pooled data from four maternal-fetal medicine practices. Inclusion criteria were singleton fetus, gestational age 22 0/7 to 39 6/7 weeks, biometry measured, and fetal cardiac activity present. Five norms of HC were studied: Jeanty et al, Hadlock et al, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21st), the World Health Organization Fetal Growth Curves (WHO), and the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies unified standard (NICHD-U). The fit of our HC measurements to each norm was assessed by these criteria: mean z -score close to 0, standard deviation (SD) of z close to 1, low Kolmogorov-Smirnov D-statistic, high Youden J-statistic, close to 10% of exams >90th percentile, close to 10% of exams <10th percentile, and close to 2.28% of exams >2 SD below the mean. Results: In 23,565 ultrasound exams, our HC measurements had the best fit to the WHO standard (mean z -score 0.10, SD of z = 1.01, D-statistic <0.01, J-statistic 0.83-0.94). The SD of the Jeanty reference was much larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of abnormal HC. The means of the IG-21st and NICHD-U standards were smaller than the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of small HC. The means of the Hadlock reference were larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in overdiagnosis of small HC. Restricting the analysis to a low-risk subgroup of 4,423 exams without risk factors for large- or small-for-gestational age produced similar results. Conclusion: The WHO standard is likely best for diagnosis of abnormal HC. The Jeanty (Chervenak) reference suggested by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine had poor sensitivity for microcephaly screening. Key Points: · There are >30 norms for fetal HC.. · It is unknown which norm should be used.. · The WHO standard fits our data best.. · The Chervenak reference is not sensitive for microcephaly.. Competing Interests: None declared. (Thieme. All rights reserved.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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