War-related sexual and gender-based violence in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a community-based study.

Autor:	Fisseha G; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot TG; Epidemiology, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Gebremichael MW; Department of Midwifery, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Wahdey S; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Meles GG; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Gezae KE; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Legesse AY; School of Medicine, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Asgedom AA; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Tsadik M; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Woldemichael A; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Gebreyesus A; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Abebe HT; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Haile YA; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Gezahegn S; Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA., Aregawi M; Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland., Berhane KT; Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA kiros.berhane@columbia.edu., Godefay H; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia., Mulugeta A; School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ global health [BMJ Glob Health] 2023 Jul; Vol. 8 (7).
DOI:	10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010270
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) during armed conflicts has serious ramifications with women and girls disproportionally affected. The impact of the conflict that erupted in November 2020 in Tigray on SGBV is not well documented. This study is aimed at assessing war-related SGBV in war-affected Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based survey was conducted in 52 (out of 84) districts of Tigray, excluding its western zone and some districts bordering Eritrea due to security reasons. Using a two-stage multistage cluster sampling technique, a total of 5171 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were randomly selected and included in the study. Analysis used weighted descriptive statistics, regression modelling and tests of associations. Results: Overall, 43.3% (2241/5171) of women experienced at least one type of gender-based violence. The incidents of sexual, physical and psychological violence, and rape among women of reproductive age were found to be 9.7% (500/5171), 28.6% (1480/5171), 40.4% (2090/5171) and 7.9% (411/5171), respectively. Of the sexual violence survivors, rape accounted for 82.2% (411/500) cases, of which 68.4% (247) reported being gang raped. Young women (aged 15-24 years) were the most affected by sexual violence, 29.2% (146/500). Commonly reported SGBV-related issues were physical trauma, 23.8% (533/2241), sexually transmitted infections, 16.5% (68/411), HIV infection, 2.7% (11/411), unwanted pregnancy, 9.5% (39/411) and depression 19.2% (431/2241). Most survivors (89.7%) did not receive any postviolence medical or psychological support. Conclusions: Systemic war-related SGBV was prevalent in Tigray, with gang-rape as the most common form of sexual violence. Immediate medical and psychological care, and long-term rehabilitation and community support for survivors are urgently needed and recommended. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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